미국-화장실 사용후 손을 씻는지에 관한 설문조사
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| DESPITE a big public health campaign that was launched after a similar survey found low rates of hand-washing four years ago, Americans are even less likely to scrub than in 1996, the new study found. While 95 percent of men and women surveyed claim they wash their hands after using public restrooms, only 67 percent of people actually do so, said researchers who went into restrooms in five cities to secretly observe participants. Even more distressing, researchers said, is a recent government survey that found that only 30 percent of health-care professionals wash their hands for the recommended time between treating patients or performing procedures. And other research has shown that nine in 10 people fail to wash their hands before or after changing diapers or handling food, said Judy Daly of the University of Utah and secretary of the American Society for Microbiology (ASM), which hosted the meeting. “Many people believe that most germs are spread by coughing and sneezing,” said Dr. Julie Gerberding, head of the hospital infections program at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta. “In fact, most infectious diseases are transmitted by hand-to-hand contact.” Always wash your hands: Before you ? Prepare or eat food ? Treat a cut or wound ? Tend to someone who is sick ? Insert or remove contact lenses After you ? Go to the bathroom ? Handle uncooked foods, particularly raw meat, poultry or fish ? Change a diaper ? Blow your nose, cough or sneeze ? Handle garbage ? Handle money ? Tend to someone who is sick or injured ? Play with a pet ? Handle animal waste With an ever-increasing threat from antibiotic resistant “superbugs” and emerging new microbial illnesses, hand-washing has taken on new importance, she said. “Hand-washing is the simplest, most effective thing people can do to reduce the spread of infectious diseases.” Following the correct technique is important, Gerberding said. If you’re in a public restroom with a towel dispenser, first pull down the paper so you have a clean sheet waiting with which to dry off. Then run the hot water and vigorously scrub for at least 15 seconds, making sure to “get all the nooks and crannies” ? that is the folds of your hands as well as cuticles and fingernails that can trap dirt and germs. If the wash basin has a foot pedal, be sure to use it, she added. A simple trick, she said, is to say the alphabet to yourself while washing ? by the time you reach the letter “Z,” your 15 seconds will have elapsed. Health-care professionals should wash for 30 seconds. If the washroom has an electric hand-dryer rather than a paper dispenser, use your elbow to turn it on, Gerberding added. Good old-fashioned soap will remove all the debris, she said, expressing concern that the newer antibacterial products on the market can give people a false sense of security ? an extra cost for little gain. “The goal is to physically remove germs, not kill them,” she said, “so unless hot water is not available, chemical products are not necessary.” To help combat the problem and get more Americans washing, ASM has launched the Clean Hands Campaign, consisting of educational materials designed for health-care professionals and consumers as well as a new Web site. “While it may seem amusing at first, this is really a very serious issue. We really need to help the public understand the significance of these findings and the importance of hand-washing,” Daly said. “The more people do their part to control the spread of infections, the less we have to use antibiotics, which lose their potency over time as bacteria develop resistance to them.” SURVEY RESULTS Advertisement For the new study, researchers first asked 1,021 adults nationwide how often they washed their hands. Then, for comparison, they observed 7,836 people in public restrooms in Grand Central or Penn stations in New York City, Navy Pier in Chicago, Golden Gate Park in San Francisco, a Braves baseball game in Atlanta, or in a casino in New Orleans. Among the findings: In 1996, 94 percent of adults claimed to wash their hands while only 68 percent were observed doing so. In 2000, 95 percent claimed to wash their hands, while only 67 percent were observed doing so. Observed hand-washing behavior declined among men (61 percent in 1996 versus 58 percent in 2000), while there was no significant change among women (74 percent in 1996 vs. 75 percent in 2000). The “dirtiest hands” are in New York, where only 49 percent of the 2,283 people observed washed their hands after using a restroom in either of the two train stations. Chicagoans washed their hands most often ? 83 percent of adults observed ? after going to a public restroom, followed by adults in San Francisco at 80 percent. New Orleans and Atlanta were tied at 64 percent. Across all cities, women washed their hands more often than men (75 percent versus 58 percent). This disparity was the most pronounced in Atlanta, where 84 percent of women at a Braves game washed up compared to only 36 percent of men. Americans with college degrees are slightly less likely than those without college degrees to say they wash their hands. The researchers worried that their results might even underestimate the problem. “If people spotted our observers, they may have been more likely to reach for the soap and hot water than they would otherwise,” Daly said. 미국 시민화장실 사용후 손을 씻는지에 대한 설문조사 새로운 연구를 위해 조사인들은 얼마나 자주 시민들이 손을 씻는지 1021명의 성인들에게 물었디. 그다음 비교를 위해 연구원들은 뉴욕시,시카고의 해군부두,샌프란시스코의 골든게이트공원, 애틀란타브레이브스야구경기장 또는 유올리언즈의 카지노,그랜드 센트럴역에서 공공 화장실을 쓰는 7836명의 시민들을 관찰했다. * 1996년에는 94%에 시민들이 손을 닦는다고 했지만,실제로는 68%만 손을 닦았다. 2000년에는 95%에 시민들이 손을 닦는다고 했지만 실제로는 67%만 손을 닦았다. * 뉴욕사람들이 손을 제일 안 닦았다. 2,283 명의 시민중 49%만 화장실사용후 손을 닦았다. * 시카고 시민들이 제일 손을 잘 닦았다. 83%에 시민들이 공중화장실사용후 손을 닦았다고 샌프란시스코는 80%,뉴올리언즈와 애틀란타는 64%에 그쳤다. * 모든 시민을 통털어 여성들은 남성들(58%:75%)보다 자주손을 씻었다. 이 통계결과는 아틀란타야구장에서 확실이 늘어났다. 여성은 84%남성은36%로 나왔다. * 미국인들은 대학과정을 마친 사람들이 대학과정을 안 마친 사람보다 손을 더 잘 씻는다는 통계가 나왔다. |
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